Friday, 26th June, 2015 Agric Science (OBJ & ESSAY)

OBJ:TYPE A
1-10: BDCABEDBBB
11-20: B – CBAADDBA
21-30: DAAEDBBDBC
31-40: CADCADCDED
41-50: BCDDCDEABA
51-60: EA – DDBEACC
============================
ESSAY:
(1a)
– they assist in rural development by
providing social amenities
– they carry out research to improve
new crop varieties
– they fund research for better
farming method and also develop
farm implement
– they helps to control
weeds,pests&diseases organism by
providing necessary chemical
(1b)
– IMPLEMENT&MACHINERY: science
and technology has aided the
development of
implements&machinery which have
replaced the olds tools
– PROVISIONS OF STORAGE
FACILITIES: they help to develop
storage( Exclusiveloaded.com )
facilities for preservation of
harvested product.
– DEVELOPMENT OF FARM
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: this also
develop the farm system with the aid
of science and technology
– ANIMAL NUTRITION: this
developed feeds, new formulated to
meet the nutrition demand of
animal
(1c)
* Replacing of trees
* Crop rotation
* Bush fallowing
* Cover cropping
(1d)
Farm surveying is the measurement
of land made on farm,such
measurement by tables, plans and
done for specific purpose.
(1e)
– it ensure the passage of grains and
chaff through diff nozzles
– it cleans the grain by separating
them from chaff
===============================
3a)
Flooding: It consist of opening a
water channel in a plot or field so
that water can flow freely in all
directions and cover the surface of
the land in a continuous sheet.
-Basin irrigation: This method is
suitable for orchids and other high
value crops where the size of the
plot to be irrigated is very small.
-Furrow method: Water is allowed to
flow in furrow opened in crop rows.
It is suitable for sloppy lands where
the furrows are made along
contours.
3b)
i). Soil Ph: The relative concentration
of the hydrogen irons and or
hydroxyl irons may either increase
or decrease nutrient availability.
ii). Leaching: This encourages the
draining of mineral salts from the
topsoil to subsoil thereby depriving
plants of such nutrients.
iii). Crop Removal: This may be in
form of clean clearing, deforestation
or cutting down of harvested crops
which lead to loss of nutrients in the
soil.
iv). Burning: This kills soil
organisms, destroys the texture and
structure of the soil and finally
reduces plant nutrients.
v). Erosion: This helps in washing
away of soil nutrients from one
place to another, and may occur
under the influence of heavy rain or
wind storm.
3c)
-Evaporation: is water loss from the
soil or from water spray equipment.
It occurs on hot, sunny and windy
days.
-Transpiration : is water loss from
leaf tissue. You can reduce it by
allowing plants to wilt in the
afternoon sun.
-Percolation: is the downward
movement of water through the soil.
3d)
percentage of water present in the
soil = Mass of water/Mass of fresh
soil ×100/1
Mass of empty evaporating dish
=0.2g
Mass of dish + fresh soil = 0.265g
Mass of fresh soil only = (0.265 –
0.2)G
Mass of dish + dried soil = 0.25g
Mass of dried soil only = (0.25 –
0.2)g = 0.05g
Mass of water driven off= (0.065
-0.05)g = 0.015g
% of water by mass = 0.015/0.065 ×
100/1
= 23.08%
(4a)
AMMONIFICATION: it’s the process
involving the formation of
ammonium compound from dead
and decaying plants&animals and
their waste product of life urine and
faeces
NUTRIFICATION: Is the process that
involve conversation of ammonium
compound first nitrite by nitrifying
bacteria called nitrosomonas, the
nitrite are converted by oxidation of
nitrates by another bacterium called
nitrobacter
(4b)
-Topography
-Population growth
(4c)
[ORGANIC MANURE] -it refers to
decayed plant&animal product
-it conserve(Exclusiveloaded.com )
moisture&prevent evaporation from
soil
INORGANIC MANURE
-it refers to non decayed
plant&animal
-it does not conserve moisture
(4d)
– it does not support leaching hence,
contain plant nutrition
– the particles are sticky&mouldy
when wet
– percolation in clay soil is low but
capilarity is high
– it support water – logging&erosion
(4e)
[INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK] -Are
formed when motion magma
cool&solidifies slowly before it get
the surface of the earth to form large
crystal
-Examples are: granites
[EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK]
– Are formed when molten magma
cool&solidifies rapidly on getting to
the surface of the earth to form
small crystal
– Examples are : basalt
(4f)
-sprinkler irrigation
– drip irrigation
===============================
5a)
i)pasture is a piece of land or fuld
containing grass for sheep, goats and
cattle to eat as it grows
ii) paddocking : is where animals
are plugged in an enclosed area so
that they can be grase and trained
5b)
i) it increase the farmer income
ii) it allows increase in the market
value of the farm animal
5c)
i) it increases soil nutrients
ii) it control weed
iii) more farmland can be under
forest cause
iv) there is reduction in the cost of
establishment a forest reserve.
===============================
(6a)
This involves the importation of
introduction or some varieties of
crop with desirable characteristics
into area where they are not existed
before.
(6b)
* it lead to loos of organic matter
* it may lead to desert
enchroachment as sand particle are
more likely to drop in area without
(Exclusiveloaded.com ) trees
* it destroy micro-climate&warm up
the environment
* it reduce the amount of rainfall in
the area.
(6c)
* Remove and burn infected plant
* practice crop rotation
* plant diseases – resistant varieties
of crop
* spray plant protection chemical
such as fungicide&nematicide
(6d)
– LAND PREPARATION: this is done
manually using cutlass&hoe to make
ridges or mechanically by ploughing.
– CLIMATIC REQUIREMENT: it
required a temperature of over 20
degree C, 75cm to 120cm of rainfall
for upland rice and over 250cm for
swamp
– CULTURAL PRACTICE:
(i)Weeding :- it is done to ensure
rapid growth of rice
(ii)Fertilizer application: apply
150kg or 3 bag of N.P.K fertilizer per
hectare at planting by broadcasting.
– ONE MAJOR DISEASES: Rice smut
– ONE MAJOR PEST: Rice weevils
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